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Both implicit and explicit (self-reported pleasure and desire) measures of affective processes were recorded.ResultsIn contrast to healthy women, the AN patients did not display objective and subjective indices of pleasure to food pictures when they were in the hunger states.
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Our findings show that SSRs can easily be induced by laser stimuli and that this method shares the technical limitations of conventional eSSRs.īackgroundTo investigate hedonic reactivity and the influence of unconscious emotional processes on the low sensitivity to positive reinforcement of food in anorexia nervosa (AN).MethodAN and healthy women were exposed to palatable food pictures just after a subliminal exposure to facial expressions (happy, disgust, fear and neutral faces), either while fasting or after a standardized meal (hunger versus satiety). No significant difference between the ISSR and eSSR was observed in either the SSFCV or the variability and reproducibility parameters. The amplitude (A) of the ISSR was lower than the eSSR amplitude (mean ISSRA = 1.31 +/- 0.26 mV, mean eSSRA = 2.59 +/- 0.49 mV, p& amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp lt 0.05). The latency (L) of the laser-induced SSR (ISSR) was significantly longer than that of the electrically-evoked SSR (eSSR) (mean ISSRL= 1.7 +/- 0.145 ms, mean eSSRL= 1.56 +/- 0.14 ms, p& amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp lt 0.05). The sympathetic sudomotor conduction velocity (SSFCV) was measured in 8 subjects by simultaneously recording the SSR from the hand and the axilla.
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SSRs were obtained using electrical and laser stimuli delivered to the wrist controlateral to the recording site. Twenty healthy subjects were investigated. The objective of this study was to evoke sympathetic skin responses (SSRs) in healthy subjects using laser stimulation and to compare these responses with those induced by conventional electrical stimuli. On follow-up visit, 17 previously LLLT trea. TIR values remained significantly reduced at post-MLD whereas TDC values were not significantly different from pre-LLLT values. Results, from arms and legs, showed that post-LLLT values of TIR and TDC were significantly less than pre-LLLT.
GALVANIC SKIN RESPONSE IPSOS MANUAL
TDC and TIR at these sites and corresponding sites on the contralateral limb were measured prior to LLLT (pre-LLLT), immediately after LLLT (post-LLLT) and after a manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) session (post-MLD). A limb-location with fibrosis was identified by palpation and treated with an LLLT device for one minute at each of five points within a 3 cm2 area. Skin water was determined from tissue dielectric constant (TDC) measurements and TIR determined from measurements of force resulting from tissue indentations of 3-4 mm. Our goal was to determine effects of low-level-laser-therapy (LLLT) on skin water and tissue indentation resistance (TIR) in patients with arm (N = 38) or leg (N = 38) lymphedema.